Title:	Absence of thermalization of free systems coupled to gapped interacting reservoirs
Authors:	Ljubotina, Marko Roy, Dibyendu Prosen, Tomaz
Issue Date:	31-Aug-2022
Publisher:	Americal Physical Society
Citation:	Physical Review B, 2022, Vol.106, p054314
Abstract:	We study the thermalization of a small XX chain coupled to long, gapped XXZ leads at either side by observing the relaxation dynamics of the whole system. Using extensive tensor network simulations, we show that such systems, although not integrable, appear to show either extremely slow thermalization or even lack thereof since the two cannot be distinguished within the accuracy of our numerics. We show that the persistent oscillations observed in the spin current in the middle of the XX chain are related to eigenstates of the entire system located within the gap of the boundary chains. We find from exact diagonalization that some of these states remain strictly localized within the XX chain and do not hybridize with the rest of the system. The frequencies of the persistent oscillations determined by numerical simulations of dynamics match the energy differences between these states exactly. This has important implications for open systems, where the strongly interacting leads are often assumed to thermalize the central system. Our results suggest that, if we employ gapped systems for the leads, this assumption does not hold.
Description:	Restricted Access. An open-access version is available at arXiv.org (one of the alternative locations)
URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/2289/7990
ISSN:	2469-9950 2469-9969 (Online)
Alternative Location:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.08373 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.106.054314 https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021arXiv210608373L/abstract
Copyright:	2022 American Physics Society
Appears in Collections:	Research Papers (TP)

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